Red squirrels make trashy nests and don't burrow.
Chipmunks make tidy entrances to their burrows—not like these. It doesn't look like an average-sized chipmunk would even fit those holes—plus chipmunks are a "daytime" critter. That you haven't seen them is another clue that what you have are
voles—which are reportedly
only nocturnal.
(Though my photo above of a Wolfeboro vole was taken during daylight hours).
"Broomstick-sized" holes are a sign of
voles.
Quote:
Vole populations can grow very large within a very short period of time. Since litters average five to 10 young, a single vole can birth a hundred more voles in a year.
Wikipedia
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